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Ada Yonath
Ada E. Yonath ((ヘブライ語: עדה יונת), ) (born 22 June 1939) is an Israeli crystallographer best known for her pioneering work on the structure of the ribosome. She is the current director of the Helen and Milton A. Kimmelman Center for Biomolecular Structure and Assembly of the Weizmann Institute of Science. In 2009, she received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry along with Venkatraman Ramakrishnan and Thomas A. Steitz for her studies on the structure and function of the ribosome, becoming the first Israeli woman to win the Nobel Prize out of ten Israeli Nobel laureates, the first woman from the Middle East to win a Nobel prize in the sciences,〔Karin Klenke, (Women in Leadership: Contextual Dynamics and Boundaries ), Emerald Group Publishing, 2011, p. 191.〕 and the first woman in 45 years to win the Nobel Prize for Chemistry. However, she said herself that there was nothing special about a woman winning the Prize.〔(Interview ), Ada E. Yonath, The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009〕
==Biography==
Yonath (née Lifshitz)〔(מנכ"ל המדינה (p. 4; 18.11.09 “ידיעות אחרונות”) PDF )〕 was born in the Geula quarter of Jerusalem. Her parents, Hillel and Esther Lifshitz, were Zionist Jews who immigrated to Palestine from Zduńska Wola, Poland in 1933 before the establishment of Israel.〔(István Hargittai, Magdolna Hargittai “Candid science 6”: Interview with Ada Yonath (p. 390) ): In this source the surname is spelled ''Livshitz''.〕 Her father was a rabbi and came from a rabbinical family. They settled in Jerusalem and ran a grocery, but found it difficult to make ends meet. They lived in cramped quarters with several other families, and Yonath remembers "books" being the only thing she had to keep her occupied.〔Talk given at Moriah College, Sydney, 18 February 2010 as noted by a student present from James Ruse Agricultural High School〕 Despite their poverty, her parents sent her to school in the upscale Beit HaKerem neighborhood to assure her a good education. When her father died at the age of 42, the family moved to Tel Aviv. Yonath was accepted to Tichon Hadash high school although her mother could not pay the tuition. She gave math lessons to students in return.〔(Former 'village fool' takes the prize, Jerusalem Post )〕 As a youngster, she says she was inspired by the Polish and naturalized-French scientist Marie Curie.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=ISRAEL21c - Uncovering Israel )〕 However, she stresses that Curie, whom she as a child was fascinated by after reading a well-written biography, was not her "role model".〔Talk given at Moriah College, 18 February 2010〕 She returned to Jerusalem for college, graduating from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem with a bachelor's degree in chemistry in 1962, and a master's degree in biochemistry in 1964. In 1968, she obtained her Ph.D. from the Weizmann Institute of Science for X-ray crystallographic studies on the structure of collagen, with Wolfie Traub as her Ph.D. advisor.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=(IUCr) European Crystallography Prize )〕
She has one daughter, Hagit Yonath, a doctor at Sheba Medical Center, and a granddaughter, Noa.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Israel's Prof. Ada Yonath wins Nobel Prize for Chemistry )〕 She is the cousin of anti-occupation activist Dr Ruchama Marton.〔(Former 'village fool' takes the prize ), Judy Siegel-Itzkovich, Jerusalem Post 8 March 2008〕
She has called for the unconditional release of all Hamas prisoners, saying that "holding Palestinians captive encourages and perpetuates their motivation to harm Israel and its citizens ... once we don't have any prisoners to release they will have no reason to kidnap soldiers".〔(Israeli Nobel Laureate calls for release of all Hamas prisoners ), Haaretz 10 October 2009〕
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